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Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation and Metal Induced Pathologies in the Mangrove Oyster, Crassostrea tulipa, Adanson (1757), from a Shipyard in Ojo Lagos Nigeria

Received: 4 March 2025     Accepted: 3 November 2025     Published: 9 December 2025
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Abstract

This study investigates the concentrations of six metals in oyster specimens collected from a novel location in Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria. The analysis focused on six priority heavy metals: Arsenic (As, Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb) and, Mercury (Hg). Heavy metal concentrations in specimens showed low to moderate variability and, generally exceeded statutory acceptable limits on comparison. A health risk assessment was done to evaluate consumption risk for development of non-cancer conditions with sustained ingestion. This study also reports histopathological findings from the harvested oyster tissues, revealing significant alterations in the digestive gland structure. Notably, atrophy, coagulative necrosis of basal cell epithelium, and, haemocyte infiltration. The lesions suggest potential adverse effects of heavy metal accumulation on oyster health. The potential implications of heavy metal accumulation for organismal. ecosystem and, consumer health are discussed.

Published in Medicine and Health Sciences (Volume 1, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.12
Page(s) 8-13
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

C. tulipa, Consumption Risk, Bioaccumulation, Pathology

References
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[2] Liu J., L. Cao, et al., 2017, Bioaccumulation of heavy metals and health risk assessment in three benthic bivalves along the coast of Laizhou Bay, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin 117(1), 98-110.
[3] Aslam S., M. W. H. Chan, et al., 2020. A comprehensive assessment of environmental pollution by means of heavy metal analysis for oysters' reefs at Hab River Delta, Baluchistan, Pakistan. Mar Pollut Bull 153, 110970.
[4] Botta R., F. Asche, et al., 2020. A review of global oyster aquaculture production and consumption. Marine Policy 117, 103952.
[5] McMurtrie S., 2015, Heavy Metals in Christchurch Fish and Shellfish. In: Canterbury. E. (Ed.). Christchurch NZ. EOS Ecology Shelley McMurtrie.
[6] Nicklès M., 1950, Mollusques testacés marins de la côte occidentale d’Afrique. Manuels Ouest-Africains 2012.
[7] Ansa E. J., 2007. Fishery and Culture Potentials of the Mangrove Oyster (Crassostrea tulipa) in Nigeria. Research Journal of Biological Sciences. 2(4). 392-394.
[8] Ajana A. M., 1980, Fishery of the mangrove oyster, Crassostrea tulipa, Adanson (1757), in the Lagos area, Nigeria. Aquaculture 21(2), 129-137.
[9] Zuykov M., E. Pelletier, et al., 2013, Bivalve mollusks in metal pollution studies: From bioaccumulation to biomonitoring. Chemosphere 93(2), 201-208.
[10] Islam M. S., M. K. Ahmed, et al., 2015, Heavy metal pollution in surface water and sediment: A preliminary assessment of an urban river in a developing country. Ecological Indicators 48, 282-291.
[11] Srinivasa Reddy M., S. Basha, et al., 2005, Seasonal distribution and contamination levels of total PHCs, PAHs and heavy metals in coastal waters of the Alang–Sosiya ship scrapping yard, Gulf of Cambay, India. Chemosphere 61(11), 1587-1593..
[12] Neşer G., D. Ünsalan, et al., 2008, the shipbreaking industry in Turkey: environmental, safety and health issues. Journal of Cleaner Production 16(3), 350-358.
[13] Long E. R., D. D. Macdonald, et al., 1995, Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments. Environmental Management 19(1), 81-97.
[14] Jaishankar M., T. Tseten, et al., 2014, Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals. Interdiscip Toxicol 7(2), 60-72.
[15] Jomova K., S. Y. Alomar, et al., 2025, Heavy metals: toxicity and human health effects. Archives of Toxicology 99(1), 153-209.
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    Olawumi, O. O., Oluwatosin, O. (2025). Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation and Metal Induced Pathologies in the Mangrove Oyster, Crassostrea tulipa, Adanson (1757), from a Shipyard in Ojo Lagos Nigeria. Medicine and Health Sciences, 1(1), 8-13. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.12

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    ACS Style

    Olawumi, O. O.; Oluwatosin, O. Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation and Metal Induced Pathologies in the Mangrove Oyster, Crassostrea tulipa, Adanson (1757), from a Shipyard in Ojo Lagos Nigeria. Med. Health Sci. 2025, 1(1), 8-13. doi: 10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.12

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    AMA Style

    Olawumi OO, Oluwatosin O. Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation and Metal Induced Pathologies in the Mangrove Oyster, Crassostrea tulipa, Adanson (1757), from a Shipyard in Ojo Lagos Nigeria. Med Health Sci. 2025;1(1):8-13. doi: 10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.12,
      author = {Ola Olawale Olawumi and Olarinmoye Oluwatosin},
      title = {Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation and Metal Induced Pathologies in the Mangrove Oyster, Crassostrea tulipa, Adanson (1757), from a Shipyard in Ojo Lagos Nigeria},
      journal = {Medicine and Health Sciences},
      volume = {1},
      number = {1},
      pages = {8-13},
      doi = {10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mhs.20250101.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mhs.20250101.12},
      abstract = {This study investigates the concentrations of six metals in oyster specimens collected from a novel location in Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria. The analysis focused on six priority heavy metals: Arsenic (As, Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb) and, Mercury (Hg). Heavy metal concentrations in specimens showed low to moderate variability and, generally exceeded statutory acceptable limits on comparison. A health risk assessment was done to evaluate consumption risk for development of non-cancer conditions with sustained ingestion. This study also reports histopathological findings from the harvested oyster tissues, revealing significant alterations in the digestive gland structure. Notably, atrophy, coagulative necrosis of basal cell epithelium, and, haemocyte infiltration. The lesions suggest potential adverse effects of heavy metal accumulation on oyster health. The potential implications of heavy metal accumulation for organismal. ecosystem and, consumer health are discussed.},
     year = {2025}
    }
    

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    AB  - This study investigates the concentrations of six metals in oyster specimens collected from a novel location in Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria. The analysis focused on six priority heavy metals: Arsenic (As, Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb) and, Mercury (Hg). Heavy metal concentrations in specimens showed low to moderate variability and, generally exceeded statutory acceptable limits on comparison. A health risk assessment was done to evaluate consumption risk for development of non-cancer conditions with sustained ingestion. This study also reports histopathological findings from the harvested oyster tissues, revealing significant alterations in the digestive gland structure. Notably, atrophy, coagulative necrosis of basal cell epithelium, and, haemocyte infiltration. The lesions suggest potential adverse effects of heavy metal accumulation on oyster health. The potential implications of heavy metal accumulation for organismal. ecosystem and, consumer health are discussed.
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